Important Scientific Equipment / Inventor / Use

Important Scientific Equipment / Inventor / Use | AISSEE | KV | JNV Entrance Exam 

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Microscope:

Inventor: Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Use: Used to magnify and observe small objects, particularly microscopic organisms.

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Telescope:

Inventor: Hans Lippershey (often credited to Galileo Galilei)

Use: Designed for the observation of distant objects in astronomy.

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Barometer:

Inventor: Evangelista Torricelli

Use: Measures atmospheric pressure, used in meteorology.

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Spectrophotometer:

Inventor: Arnold O. Beckman

Use: Measures the intensity of light at different wavelengths, used in chemistry and biology for analyzing substances.

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Centrifuge:

Inventor: Marcello Malpighi

Use: Separates substances of different densities using centrifugal force, commonly used in biological and chemical laboratories.

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Electron Microscope:

Inventor: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska

Use: Provides high-resolution images of extremely small objects using electron beams, used in various scientific fields.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Machine:

Inventor: Kary B. Mullis

Use: Amplifies and analyzes DNA, important in molecular biology and genetics.

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Mass Spectrometer:

Inventor: Sir Joseph John Thomson

Use: Identifies and measures the mass of different particles within a sample, used in chemistry and biochemistry.

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Geiger-Muller Counter:

Inventors: Hans Geiger and Walther Muller

Use: Detects ionizing radiation, commonly used in nuclear physics and radiation protection.

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Chromatograph:

Inventors: Mikhail Tsvet

Use: Separates and analyzes complex mixtures, widely used in chemistry and biochemistry for identifying and quantifying components in a sample.

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Fluoroscope:

Inventor: Thomas Edison

Use: Produces real-time X-ray images of the internal structures of an object, commonly used in medical imaging.

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Galvanometer:

Inventor: André-Marie Ampère

Use: Measures electric current, used in electrical and electronics experiments.

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Oscilloscope:

Inventor: Karl Ferdinand Braun

Use: Displays and analyzes the waveform of electronic signals, used in electronics and telecommunications.

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Thermocouple:

Inventors: Thomas Johann Seebeck and Jean Charles Athanase Peltier

Use: Measures temperature by detecting the voltage produced by the temperature difference between two dissimilar metals.

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Pipette:

Inventor: Louis Pasteur

Use: Used to transport a measured volume of liquid, commonly used in chemistry and biology experiments.

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Tensiometer:

Inventor: Irving Langmuir

Use: Measures surface tension of liquids, used in physics and chemistry.

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Fume Hood:

Inventor: Ellen F. Ochoa (invented improvements)

Use: Provides a controlled environment for working with hazardous materials, used in laboratories.

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Viscometer:

Inventor: Ludwik Leibler

Use: Measures the viscosity of fluids, commonly used in chemistry and industry.

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Hydrometer:

Inventor: Thomas Allibone

Use: Measures the density of a liquid, often used in brewing and winemaking.

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Incubator:

Inventor: Hermann von Helmholtz (improved design)

Use: Maintains a controlled environment for the cultivation of microorganisms, cells, or tissues.

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Cryostat:

Inventor: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Use: Maintains very low temperatures, used in physics and materials science.

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Tachometer:

Inventor: Otto Schultze

Use: Measures the rotational speed of a shaft or disk, used in automotive and engineering applications.

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Coulter Counter:

Inventor: Wallace H. Coulter

Use: Counts and sizes particles suspended in a fluid, used in biology and medicine.

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Raman Spectrometer:

Inventor: Sir C. V. Raman

Use: Determines molecular vibrations in a sample, used in chemistry and materials science.

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Polarimeter:

Inventor: Étienne-Louis Malus

Use: Measures the angle of rotation of polarized light, used in chemistry.

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Hydrophone:

Inventor: Reginald Fessenden

Use: Detects and records sound underwater, used in marine biology and oceanography.

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Gyroscope:

Inventor: Léon Foucault

Use: Maintains orientation and balance in navigation and aerospace applications.

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Accelerometer:

Inventor: George Atwood

Use: Measures acceleration, used in various applications, including automotive and aerospace.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machine:

Inventors: Raymond Damadian, Paul Lauterbur, and Peter Mansfield

Use: Produces detailed images of internal body structures using magnetic fields and radio waves.

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Autoclave:

Inventor: Charles Chamberland

Use: Sterilizes equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high-pressure saturated steam, used in microbiology and medicine.

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Colorimeter:

Inventor: Arthur C. Hardy and Edward A. Coblentz

Use: Measures the absorbance of different wavelengths of light, used in chemistry and biology.

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Microtome:

Inventor: Wilhelm His Sr.

Use: Cuts thin sections of materials for microscopic examination, used in histology and pathology.

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Pluviometer (Rain Gauge):

Inventor: Émilie Du Châtelet (credited for the development of a rain gauge)

Use: Measures the amount of rainfall in a specific area.

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Potentiostat:

Inventor: Jean Roux

Use: Controls the potential of a working electrode in electrochemical experiments, used in corrosion studies and battery research.

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Polariscope:

Inventor: Étienne-Louis Malus

Use: Analyzes and quantifies stress and strain in transparent materials, used in materials science.

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Scintillation Counter:

Inventor: Sir William Crookes

Use: Detects and measures ionizing radiation, used in nuclear physics and medical imaging.

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Gas Chromatograph:

Inventor: Archer John Porter Martin and Richard L. M. Synge

Use: Separates and analyzes volatile compounds in a gas phase, used in chemistry and environmental science.

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Weather Balloon:

Inventor: Léon Teisserenc de Bort

Use: Carries instruments into the upper atmosphere to collect meteorological data.

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Hemocytometer:

Inventor: Louis-Charles Malassez

Use: Counts blood cells under a microscope, used in hematology and medical research.

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Flow Cytometer:

Inventor: Mack Fulwyler

Use: Analyzes the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid, used in biology and medicine.

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Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC):

Inventor: E. S. Watson

Use: Measures the heat flow into or out of a sample, used in chemistry and materials science.

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SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device):

Inventor: John Clarke and Samuel P. Benz

Use: Measures extremely small magnetic fields, used in physics and medical imaging.

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Spectroradiometer:

Inventor: Alexander Michelson

Use: Measures the intensity of light at different wavelengths, used in optics and atmospheric science.

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Flow Meter:

Inventor: Otto Hoerni

Use: Measures the rate of flow of a fluid, used in various industries, including water management and oil and gas.

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Pycnometer:

Inventor: Archimedes (credited for the principle)

Use: Measures the density of a substance, used in chemistry and materials science.

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Particle Accelerator:

Inventor: John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton

Use: Accelerates charged particles to high speeds, used in nuclear physics research.

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Ionization Chamber:

Inventor: Hans Geiger

Use: Measures the number of ionizing particles in a chamber, used in radiation detection.

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Nephelometer:

Inventor: Robert Wilhelm Bunsen

Use: Measures the concentration of suspended particles in a liquid, used in environmental science and air quality monitoring.

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Rheometer:

Inventor: Eugene C. Bingham

Use: Measures the flow and deformation properties of materials, used in materials science and engineering.

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Total Station:

Inventor: Étienne Lenoir

Use: Combines electronic theodolite and electronic distance measuring (EDM) instrument for surveying and mapping.

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Capacitance Meter:

Inventor: Ewald Georg von Kleist (early capacitor invention)

Use: Measures the capacitance of a capacitor, used in electronics and electrical engineering.

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Kymograph:

Inventor: Carl Ludwig

Use: Records physiological movements, such as heart contractions, used in physiology experiments.

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Automated DNA Sequencer:

Inventors: Frederick Sanger and Walter Gilbert

Use: Determines the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, used in genetics and molecular biology.

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Gas Analyzer:

Inventor: Martin David Kamen

Use: Measures the concentration of gases in a sample, used in environmental monitoring and industrial processes.

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Ion Chromatograph:

Inventors: James Lovelock and Andrew Troughton

Use: Separates and analyzes ions in a liquid, used in chemistry and environmental science.

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Fiber Optic Gyroscope:

Inventors: Kenneth W. Cockrell and Ioannis J. A. Voge

Use: Measures the rate of rotation using the interference of light in optical fibers, used in navigation systems.

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Optical Tweezers:

Inventor: Arthur Ashkin

Use: Uses focused laser beams to trap and manipulate microscopic particles, used in physics and biology.

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Stethoscope:

Inventor: René Laennec

Use: Listens to internal sounds of the body, particularly the heart and lungs, used in medicine.

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Gamma Camera:

Inventor: Hal O. Anger

Use: Scans the distribution of radioactive tracers in the body, used in nuclear medicine.

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Infrared Spectrometer:

Inventor: William Coblentz

Use: Analyzes the absorption of infrared light by a substance, used in chemistry and astronomy.

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Anemometer:

Inventor: Leon Battista Alberti (early design)

Use: Measures the speed and direction of wind, used in meteorology.

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Furnace:

Inventor: Ancient Egyptians (early design)

Use: Heats materials to high temperatures, used in metallurgy and materials science.

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Stereoscope:

Inventor: Charles Wheatstone

Use: Creates a three-dimensional view of images, used in photography and map reading.

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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT):

Inventor: Karl Ferdinand Braun

Use: Displays images through the manipulation of electron beams, used in early televisions and computer monitors.

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Dialysis Machine:

Inventor: Willem Johan Kolff

Use: Removes waste and excess fluids from the blood, used in the treatment of kidney failure.

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Blood Gas Analyzer:

Inventor: A. Brink

Use: Measures the levels of gases in blood, used in medical diagnostics.

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Carbon Dioxide Analyzer:

Inventor: David Keeling

Use: Measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, used in environmental science and climate research.

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Dynamometer:

Inventor: Charles E. Coughlin

Use: Measures force, torque, or power, used in physics and engineering.

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Plasma Cutter:

Inventor: Robert Gage

Use: Cuts through electrically conductive materials using a high-velocity jet of hot plasma.

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Photoionization Detector (PID):

Inventor: Benko Korber

Use: Detects volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air, used in environmental monitoring and safety.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometer:

Inventors: Isidor Isaac Rabi, Felix Bloch, and Edward Mills Purcell

Use: Analyzes the nuclear magnetic properties of atoms, used in chemistry and biochemistry.

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Synchrotron:

Inventor: Donald W. Kerst (developed the first synchrotron at the University of Michigan)

Use: Accelerates charged particles in a circular path for various applications, including particle physics and materials science.

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Piezoelectric Sensor:

Inventor: Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie

Use: Converts mechanical stress into electrical voltage, used in various sensing applications.

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Chloroscope:

Inventor: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (early design)

Use: Detects the presence of chlorine gas, used in chemical analysis.

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Pyrometer:

Inventor: Josiah Wedgwood

Use: Measures high temperatures, often used in industrial processes.

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Inclinometer:

Inventor: George Adams

Use: Measures angles of inclination or tilt, used in geophysics and engineering.

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Moisture Analyzer:

Inventor: Lloyd V. Berkner

Use: Measures the moisture content of a substance, used in various industries.

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Refractometer:

Inventor: Ernst Abbe

Use: Measures the refractive index of a substance, used in chemistry and optics.

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Spectrofluorometer:

Inventor: Sir George G. Stokes (early development)

Use: Measures the fluorescence of a sample, used in biochemistry and materials science.

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Pyranometer:

Inventor: Thomas A. Moustakis

Use: Measures the solar radiation received by a surface, used in meteorology and solar energy studies.

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Autorefractor:

Inventor: David Volk

Use: Measures the refractive error of the eye, used in optometry and ophthalmology.

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Biosensor:

Inventor: Leland C. Clark and Ann Lyons

Use: Detects specific biological molecules, used in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.

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Langmuir Probe:

Inventor: Irving Langmuir

Use: Measures the temperature and density of ions in a plasma, used in plasma physics.

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Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM):

Inventor: Warren P. Mason

Use: Measures small mass changes on the surface of a quartz crystal, used in material science and chemistry.

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