Important Scientific Equipment / Inventor / Use | AISSEE | KV | JNV Entrance Exam
Microscope:
Inventor: Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Use: Used to magnify and observe small objects, particularly microscopic organisms.
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Telescope:
Inventor: Hans Lippershey (often credited to Galileo Galilei)
Use: Designed for the observation of distant objects in astronomy.
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Barometer:
Inventor: Evangelista Torricelli
Use: Measures atmospheric pressure, used in meteorology.
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Spectrophotometer:
Inventor: Arnold O. Beckman
Use: Measures the intensity of light at different wavelengths, used in chemistry and biology for analyzing substances.
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Centrifuge:
Inventor: Marcello Malpighi
Use: Separates substances of different densities using centrifugal force, commonly used in biological and chemical laboratories.
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Electron Microscope:
Inventor: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska
Use: Provides high-resolution images of extremely small objects using electron beams, used in various scientific fields.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Machine:
Inventor: Kary B. Mullis
Use: Amplifies and analyzes DNA, important in molecular biology and genetics.
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Mass Spectrometer:
Inventor: Sir Joseph John Thomson
Use: Identifies and measures the mass of different particles within a sample, used in chemistry and biochemistry.
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Geiger-Muller Counter:
Inventors: Hans Geiger and Walther Muller
Use: Detects ionizing radiation, commonly used in nuclear physics and radiation protection.
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Chromatograph:
Inventors: Mikhail Tsvet
Use: Separates and analyzes complex mixtures, widely used in chemistry and biochemistry for identifying and quantifying components in a sample.
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Fluoroscope:
Inventor: Thomas Edison
Use: Produces real-time X-ray images of the internal structures of an object, commonly used in medical imaging.
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Galvanometer:
Inventor: André-Marie Ampère
Use: Measures electric current, used in electrical and electronics experiments.
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Oscilloscope:
Inventor: Karl Ferdinand Braun
Use: Displays and analyzes the waveform of electronic signals, used in electronics and telecommunications.
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Thermocouple:
Inventors: Thomas Johann Seebeck and Jean Charles Athanase Peltier
Use: Measures temperature by detecting the voltage produced by the temperature difference between two dissimilar metals.
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Pipette:
Inventor: Louis Pasteur
Use: Used to transport a measured volume of liquid, commonly used in chemistry and biology experiments.
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Tensiometer:
Inventor: Irving Langmuir
Use: Measures surface tension of liquids, used in physics and chemistry.
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Fume Hood:
Inventor: Ellen F. Ochoa (invented improvements)
Use: Provides a controlled environment for working with hazardous materials, used in laboratories.
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Viscometer:
Inventor: Ludwik Leibler
Use: Measures the viscosity of fluids, commonly used in chemistry and industry.
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Hydrometer:
Inventor: Thomas Allibone
Use: Measures the density of a liquid, often used in brewing and winemaking.
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Incubator:
Inventor: Hermann von Helmholtz (improved design)
Use: Maintains a controlled environment for the cultivation of microorganisms, cells, or tissues.
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Cryostat:
Inventor: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Use: Maintains very low temperatures, used in physics and materials science.
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Tachometer:
Inventor: Otto Schultze
Use: Measures the rotational speed of a shaft or disk, used in automotive and engineering applications.
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Coulter Counter:
Inventor: Wallace H. Coulter
Use: Counts and sizes particles suspended in a fluid, used in biology and medicine.
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Raman Spectrometer:
Inventor: Sir C. V. Raman
Use: Determines molecular vibrations in a sample, used in chemistry and materials science.
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Polarimeter:
Inventor: Étienne-Louis Malus
Use: Measures the angle of rotation of polarized light, used in chemistry.
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Hydrophone:
Inventor: Reginald Fessenden
Use: Detects and records sound underwater, used in marine biology and oceanography.
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Gyroscope:
Inventor: Léon Foucault
Use: Maintains orientation and balance in navigation and aerospace applications.
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Accelerometer:
Inventor: George Atwood
Use: Measures acceleration, used in various applications, including automotive and aerospace.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machine:
Inventors: Raymond Damadian, Paul Lauterbur, and Peter Mansfield
Use: Produces detailed images of internal body structures using magnetic fields and radio waves.
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Autoclave:
Inventor: Charles Chamberland
Use: Sterilizes equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high-pressure saturated steam, used in microbiology and medicine.
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Colorimeter:
Inventor: Arthur C. Hardy and Edward A. Coblentz
Use: Measures the absorbance of different wavelengths of light, used in chemistry and biology.
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Microtome:
Inventor: Wilhelm His Sr.
Use: Cuts thin sections of materials for microscopic examination, used in histology and pathology.
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Pluviometer (Rain Gauge):
Inventor: Émilie Du Châtelet (credited for the development of a rain gauge)
Use: Measures the amount of rainfall in a specific area.
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Potentiostat:
Inventor: Jean Roux
Use: Controls the potential of a working electrode in electrochemical experiments, used in corrosion studies and battery research.
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Polariscope:
Inventor: Étienne-Louis Malus
Use: Analyzes and quantifies stress and strain in transparent materials, used in materials science.
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Scintillation Counter:
Inventor: Sir William Crookes
Use: Detects and measures ionizing radiation, used in nuclear physics and medical imaging.
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Gas Chromatograph:
Inventor: Archer John Porter Martin and Richard L. M. Synge
Use: Separates and analyzes volatile compounds in a gas phase, used in chemistry and environmental science.
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Weather Balloon:
Inventor: Léon Teisserenc de Bort
Use: Carries instruments into the upper atmosphere to collect meteorological data.
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Hemocytometer:
Inventor: Louis-Charles Malassez
Use: Counts blood cells under a microscope, used in hematology and medical research.
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Flow Cytometer:
Inventor: Mack Fulwyler
Use: Analyzes the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid, used in biology and medicine.
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Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC):
Inventor: E. S. Watson
Use: Measures the heat flow into or out of a sample, used in chemistry and materials science.
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SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device):
Inventor: John Clarke and Samuel P. Benz
Use: Measures extremely small magnetic fields, used in physics and medical imaging.
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Spectroradiometer:
Inventor: Alexander Michelson
Use: Measures the intensity of light at different wavelengths, used in optics and atmospheric science.
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Flow Meter:
Inventor: Otto Hoerni
Use: Measures the rate of flow of a fluid, used in various industries, including water management and oil and gas.
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Pycnometer:
Inventor: Archimedes (credited for the principle)
Use: Measures the density of a substance, used in chemistry and materials science.
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Particle Accelerator:
Inventor: John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton
Use: Accelerates charged particles to high speeds, used in nuclear physics research.
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Ionization Chamber:
Inventor: Hans Geiger
Use: Measures the number of ionizing particles in a chamber, used in radiation detection.
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Nephelometer:
Inventor: Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
Use: Measures the concentration of suspended particles in a liquid, used in environmental science and air quality monitoring.
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Rheometer:
Inventor: Eugene C. Bingham
Use: Measures the flow and deformation properties of materials, used in materials science and engineering.
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Total Station:
Inventor: Étienne Lenoir
Use: Combines electronic theodolite and electronic distance measuring (EDM) instrument for surveying and mapping.
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Capacitance Meter:
Inventor: Ewald Georg von Kleist (early capacitor invention)
Use: Measures the capacitance of a capacitor, used in electronics and electrical engineering.
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Kymograph:
Inventor: Carl Ludwig
Use: Records physiological movements, such as heart contractions, used in physiology experiments.
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Automated DNA Sequencer:
Inventors: Frederick Sanger and Walter Gilbert
Use: Determines the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, used in genetics and molecular biology.
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Gas Analyzer:
Inventor: Martin David Kamen
Use: Measures the concentration of gases in a sample, used in environmental monitoring and industrial processes.
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Ion Chromatograph:
Inventors: James Lovelock and Andrew Troughton
Use: Separates and analyzes ions in a liquid, used in chemistry and environmental science.
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Fiber Optic Gyroscope:
Inventors: Kenneth W. Cockrell and Ioannis J. A. Voge
Use: Measures the rate of rotation using the interference of light in optical fibers, used in navigation systems.
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Optical Tweezers:
Inventor: Arthur Ashkin
Use: Uses focused laser beams to trap and manipulate microscopic particles, used in physics and biology.
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Stethoscope:
Inventor: René Laennec
Use: Listens to internal sounds of the body, particularly the heart and lungs, used in medicine.
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Gamma Camera:
Inventor: Hal O. Anger
Use: Scans the distribution of radioactive tracers in the body, used in nuclear medicine.
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Infrared Spectrometer:
Inventor: William Coblentz
Use: Analyzes the absorption of infrared light by a substance, used in chemistry and astronomy.
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Anemometer:
Inventor: Leon Battista Alberti (early design)
Use: Measures the speed and direction of wind, used in meteorology.
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Furnace:
Inventor: Ancient Egyptians (early design)
Use: Heats materials to high temperatures, used in metallurgy and materials science.
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Stereoscope:
Inventor: Charles Wheatstone
Use: Creates a three-dimensional view of images, used in photography and map reading.
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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT):
Inventor: Karl Ferdinand Braun
Use: Displays images through the manipulation of electron beams, used in early televisions and computer monitors.
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Dialysis Machine:
Inventor: Willem Johan Kolff
Use: Removes waste and excess fluids from the blood, used in the treatment of kidney failure.
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Blood Gas Analyzer:
Inventor: A. Brink
Use: Measures the levels of gases in blood, used in medical diagnostics.
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Carbon Dioxide Analyzer:
Inventor: David Keeling
Use: Measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, used in environmental science and climate research.
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Dynamometer:
Inventor: Charles E. Coughlin
Use: Measures force, torque, or power, used in physics and engineering.
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Plasma Cutter:
Inventor: Robert Gage
Use: Cuts through electrically conductive materials using a high-velocity jet of hot plasma.
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Photoionization Detector (PID):
Inventor: Benko Korber
Use: Detects volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air, used in environmental monitoring and safety.
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometer:
Inventors: Isidor Isaac Rabi, Felix Bloch, and Edward Mills Purcell
Use: Analyzes the nuclear magnetic properties of atoms, used in chemistry and biochemistry.
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Synchrotron:
Inventor: Donald W. Kerst (developed the first synchrotron at the University of Michigan)
Use: Accelerates charged particles in a circular path for various applications, including particle physics and materials science.
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Piezoelectric Sensor:
Inventor: Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie
Use: Converts mechanical stress into electrical voltage, used in various sensing applications.
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Chloroscope:
Inventor: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (early design)
Use: Detects the presence of chlorine gas, used in chemical analysis.
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Pyrometer:
Inventor: Josiah Wedgwood
Use: Measures high temperatures, often used in industrial processes.
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Inclinometer:
Inventor: George Adams
Use: Measures angles of inclination or tilt, used in geophysics and engineering.
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Moisture Analyzer:
Inventor: Lloyd V. Berkner
Use: Measures the moisture content of a substance, used in various industries.
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Refractometer:
Inventor: Ernst Abbe
Use: Measures the refractive index of a substance, used in chemistry and optics.
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Spectrofluorometer:
Inventor: Sir George G. Stokes (early development)
Use: Measures the fluorescence of a sample, used in biochemistry and materials science.
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Pyranometer:
Inventor: Thomas A. Moustakis
Use: Measures the solar radiation received by a surface, used in meteorology and solar energy studies.
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Autorefractor:
Inventor: David Volk
Use: Measures the refractive error of the eye, used in optometry and ophthalmology.
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Biosensor:
Inventor: Leland C. Clark and Ann Lyons
Use: Detects specific biological molecules, used in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
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Langmuir Probe:
Inventor: Irving Langmuir
Use: Measures the temperature and density of ions in a plasma, used in plasma physics.
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Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM):
Inventor: Warren P. Mason
Use: Measures small mass changes on the surface of a quartz crystal, used in material science and chemistry.
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